IoT-Based ICU Patient Monitoring System

This guide will help you create an IoT-Based ICU Patient Monitoring System using sensors and Raspberry Pi. The system will monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature, and provide real-time updates to healthcare providers through cloud integration.

Components Required

• Raspberry Pi (Model 3 or later)
• Heart rate sensor (e.g., MAX30100)
• Blood pressure sensor (e.g., BMP180)
• Temperature sensor (e.g., DHT22 or DS18B20)
• Connecting wires and breadboard
• Power supply (for Raspberry Pi and sensors)
• Cloud service account (e.g., ThingSpeak, Blynk, or AWS IoT)
• Optional: GSM/3G/4G module for remote notifications

Setting Up the Hardware

Follow these steps to set up the hardware:

1. Connect the Heart Rate Sensor

   Attach the heart rate sensor to the Raspberry Pi using the GPIO pins or I2C interface. Ensure proper connection for the data and power pins.

2. Connect the Blood Pressure Sensor

   Connect the blood pressure sensor to the Raspberry Pi. Ensure correct wiring for data and power connections.

3. Connect the Temperature Sensor

   Attach the temperature sensor to the Raspberry Pi. Use the appropriate interface (e.g., GPIO or I2C) for the sensor.

4. Power the System

   Ensure all components are powered correctly using appropriate power supplies.

Programming the Raspberry Pi

Write the code to read data from the sensors and send updates to the cloud. Below is a basic example using Python:

                import time
                import requests
                from heart_rate_sensor import HeartRateSensor
                from blood_pressure_sensor import BloodPressureSensor
                from temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor

                # Configuration
                CLOUD_URL = "https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=YOUR_API_KEY"

                # Initialize sensors
                heart_rate_sensor = HeartRateSensor()
                blood_pressure_sensor = BloodPressureSensor()
                temperature_sensor = TemperatureSensor()

                def send_data(heart_rate, blood_pressure, temperature):
                    response = requests.get(f"{CLOUD_URL}&field1={heart_rate}&field2={blood_pressure}&field3={temperature}")
                    print(f"Data sent to cloud: {response.status_code}")

                try:
                    while True:
                        heart_rate = heart_rate_sensor.read()
                        blood_pressure = blood_pressure_sensor.read()
                        temperature = temperature_sensor.read()
                        send_data(heart_rate, blood_pressure, temperature)
                        print(f"Heart Rate: {heart_rate}, Blood Pressure: {blood_pressure}, Temperature: {temperature}")
                        time.sleep(60)  # Send data every minute

                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    print("Program terminated")
            

This Python code reads data from the heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature sensors, then sends it to the cloud service. Adjust the code for specific sensor libraries and interfaces as needed.

Setting Up Cloud Integration

To visualize and receive alerts, integrate the system with a cloud service. Configure your cloud service to receive data from the Raspberry Pi and set up dashboards or alerts based on the data received.

Testing and Calibration

Test the system by monitoring the patient’s vital signs and verifying that the data is accurately reported and updated in the cloud. Calibrate the sensors and adjust the code parameters as needed for reliable performance.