IoT Based Monitoring System for Comatose Patients

This guide will help you set up an IoT-based monitoring system for comatose patients using Raspberry Pi. The system will track vital signs such as heart rate, body temperature, and movement, and send real-time alerts to healthcare providers.

Components Required

• Raspberry Pi (Model 3 or later)
• Heart rate sensor (e.g., Pulse Sensor)
• Temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20)
• Movement sensor (e.g., Accelerometer)
• Relay module (optional, for triggering alarms)
• Connecting wires and breadboard
• Power supply (for Raspberry Pi)
• Cloud service account (e.g., ThingSpeak, Blynk, or AWS IoT)

Setting Up the Hardware

Follow these steps to set up the hardware:

1. Connect the Heart Rate Sensor

   Attach the heart rate sensor to the Raspberry Pi using GPIO pins. This sensor will measure the patient’s heart rate and provide critical data for monitoring.

2. Integrate the Temperature Sensor

   Connect the temperature sensor to the Raspberry Pi to monitor the patient’s body temperature. Accurate temperature readings are essential for detecting potential issues.

3. Set Up the Movement Sensor

   Attach the movement sensor (e.g., accelerometer) to monitor patient movement. This can help detect if the patient is moving or experiencing convulsions.

4. Power the System

   Ensure the Raspberry Pi and all connected sensors are properly powered using appropriate power supplies.

Programming the Raspberry Pi

Write the code to read data from the sensors and send alerts to the cloud. Below is a basic outline of the code using Python:

                import time
                import requests
                import Adafruit_DHT
                import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

                # Configuration
                HEART_RATE_SENSOR_PIN = 18
                TEMP_SENSOR_PIN = 4
                MOVEMENT_SENSOR_PIN = 23
                CLOUD_URL = "https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key=YOUR_API_KEY"

                def read_heart_rate():
                    # Placeholder function to read heart rate data
                    return 75  # Example value

                def read_temperature():
                    # Placeholder function to read temperature data
                    return 36.5  # Example value

                def read_movement():
                    # Placeholder function to read movement data
                    return 0  # Example value

                def send_data_to_cloud(heart_rate, temperature, movement):
                    response = requests.get(f"{CLOUD_URL}&field1={heart_rate}&field2={temperature}&field3={movement}")
                    print(f"Data sent to cloud: {response.status_code}")

                try:
                    while True:
                        heart_rate = read_heart_rate()
                        temperature = read_temperature()
                        movement = read_movement()
                        send_data_to_cloud(heart_rate, temperature, movement)
                        time.sleep(60)  # Wait 1 minute before next update

                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    print("Program stopped")
            

This code collects vital sign data from the sensors and sends it to the cloud service at regular intervals for monitoring and alerting.

Setting Up Cloud Integration

To monitor the data remotely, integrate the system with a cloud service. Configure the cloud service to receive data from the Raspberry Pi and set up dashboards or alerts based on the vital signs collected.

Testing and Calibration

Test the system by checking the sensor readings and ensuring data is accurately reported to the cloud. Adjust the sensor settings and code as needed to ensure reliable performance and accurate monitoring.