IoT-Based Patient Health Monitoring System

This guide will help you create an IoT-Based Patient Health Monitoring System using Raspberry Pi. The system will monitor vital signs and other health metrics in real-time, providing alerts if any readings fall outside of normal ranges.

Components Required

• Raspberry Pi (Model 3 or later)
• Heart rate sensor (e.g., MAX30100)
• Temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20)
• Blood pressure sensor (optional, e.g., BMP180)
• Relay module (for triggering alarms or notifications)
• Connecting wires and breadboard
• Power supply (for Raspberry Pi and sensors)
• Cloud service account (e.g., AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT, ThingSpeak)
• Buzzer or alarm (optional, for local alerts)

Setting Up the Hardware

Follow these steps to set up the hardware:

1. Connect the Heart Rate Sensor

   Connect the heart rate sensor to the Raspberry Pi using GPIO pins or I2C interface. This sensor will measure the patient's heart rate.

2. Connect the Temperature Sensor

   Install the temperature sensor to monitor the patient's body temperature. Connect it to the Raspberry Pi using GPIO pins or a 1-Wire interface.

3. Integrate the Blood Pressure Sensor (Optional)

   If using a blood pressure sensor, connect it similarly to the other sensors. This sensor will provide additional health metrics.

4. Power the System

   Ensure the Raspberry Pi and sensors are properly powered. Verify all connections before powering on the system.

Programming the Raspberry Pi

Write the code to read data from the sensors and send health metrics to the cloud. Below is a basic example using Python:

                import time
                import requests
                from max30100 import MAX30100
                import board
                import adafruit_dht

                # Configuration
                CLOUD_URL = "https://api.example.com/update?api_key=YOUR_API_KEY"
                HEART_RATE_SENSOR = MAX30100()
                TEMP_SENSOR = adafruit_dht.DHT22(board.D4)

                def send_alert(heart_rate, temperature):
                    response = requests.post(CLOUD_URL, json={
                        "heart_rate": heart_rate,
                        "temperature": temperature
                    })
                    print(f"Data sent to cloud: {response.status_code}")

                try:
                    while True:
                        # Read sensors
                        heart_rate = HEART_RATE_SENSOR.get_heart_rate()
                        temperature = TEMP_SENSOR.temperature

                        # Send data to cloud
                        send_alert(heart_rate, temperature)

                        # Wait before the next reading
                        time.sleep(60)  # Adjust as necessary

                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    print("Program interrupted")
            

This code reads data from the heart rate and temperature sensors, then sends the data to a cloud service for monitoring and alerting.

Setting Up Cloud Integration

To monitor and receive alerts, integrate your system with a cloud service. Configure the cloud service to receive health data from the Raspberry Pi and set up dashboards or notifications based on the data received.

Testing and Calibration

Test the system by simulating different health metrics and verifying that the data is correctly sent to the cloud. Adjust the sensor readings and code parameters as needed for accurate monitoring.