IoT Covid Patient Health Monitor in Quarantine

This guide will help you build an IoT-enabled health monitoring system designed to track the vital signs of Covid-19 patients in quarantine. The system will monitor metrics such as temperature, heart rate, and oxygen levels, and transmit this data to a remote server for healthcare professionals to review.

Components Required

• Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or ESP32)
• Temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20)
• Heart rate sensor (e.g., MAX30100)
• Oxygen saturation sensor (e.g., MAX30102)
• Wi-Fi or GSM module (for IoT connectivity)
• Battery pack (for power supply)
• Enclosure for housing the components
• Chassis or mounting hardware
• Cloud service account (for data collection and analysis)

Setting Up the Hardware

Follow these steps to assemble the hardware:

1. Connect the Sensors

   Attach the temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation sensors to the microcontroller. Ensure proper wiring for power and data connections. Use appropriate pull-up resistors if needed.

2. Install the IoT Module

   Connect the Wi-Fi or GSM module to the microcontroller to enable remote communication. Configure the module to connect to your network.

3. Power the System

   Ensure that all components are properly powered using a suitable battery pack. Verify that the power supply is adequate for the sensors and microcontroller.

Programming the Microcontroller

Write code to handle sensor readings and transmit data to the remote server. Here’s a basic outline of the code:

                #include <Wire.h>
                #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
                #include <Adafruit_MAX30100.h>
                #include <DallasTemperature.h>
                #include <OneWire.h>
                #include <WiFi.h>

                const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID";
                const char* password = "YOUR_PASSWORD";
                const String serverUrl = "http://example.com/health-monitor"; // Replace with your server URL

                // Sensor pins and initialization
                #define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2
                OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
                DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
                Adafruit_MAX30100 max30100;

                void setup() {
                Serial.begin(115200);
                WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

                sensors.begin();
                max30100.begin();
                }

                void loop() {
                delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second between measurements

                // Read temperature
                sensors.requestTemperatures();
                float temperature = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);

                // Read heart rate and oxygen saturation
                int heartRate = max30100.getHeartRate();
                int oxygenLevel = max30100.getOxygenSaturation();

                // Send data to server
                WiFiClient client;
                if (client.connect(serverUrl, 80)) {
                    client.println("GET /health-monitor?temperature=" + String(temperature) +
                                    "&heartRate=" + String(heartRate) +
                                    "&oxygenLevel=" + String(oxygenLevel) + " HTTP/1.1");
                    client.println("Host: example.com");
                    client.println("Connection: close");
                    client.println();
                }

                // Implement additional logic for alerts or data processing if needed
                }
            

This code handles reading from sensors and sending data to a remote server. Customize it based on your specific hardware and requirements.

Setting Up the Server or Cloud Service

Configure a web server or cloud service to receive and process the data. Set up endpoints for receiving health metrics and create a user interface for healthcare professionals to monitor patient health.

                # Example for setting up a simple server using Python Flask

                from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

                app = Flask(__name__)

                @app.route('/health-monitor', methods=['GET'])
                def monitor():
                    temperature = request.args.get('temperature')
                    heartRate = request.args.get('heartRate')
                    oxygenLevel = request.args.get('oxygenLevel')
                    # Process and store data from the monitor
                    return jsonify(success=True, temperature=temperature, heartRate=heartRate, oxygenLevel=oxygenLevel), 200

                if __name__ == '__main__':
                    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
            

This example demonstrates setting up a simple server to handle data from the monitor. Adapt it to fit your specific needs and infrastructure.

Testing and Calibration

Before deploying the system:

1. Test the Sensors

   Ensure that all sensors are providing accurate readings. Calibrate the sensors if necessary.

2. Verify Data Transmission

   Check that data is correctly sent to and received by the server. Test the system under various conditions to ensure reliable performance.

3. Optimize Data Processing

   Review and optimize the data processing logic on the server. Implement alerting mechanisms for critical health metrics.